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#BATTLE OF THE BULGE MASSTRANSIT ZIP#

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Rich or poor, black or white, it isn’t easy for most Americans to maintain a healthy diet today, she says. “These kids drink buckets of soda,” she points out-imbibing 350 to 400 extra calories a day-a number she hopes to shrink. In a new study, she will target consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among black adolescents in Baltimore City to determine what type of message will have a greater impact on teens’ purchases of sweetened drinks. She found that mandating such postings may be a useful policy tool for promoting health, particularly among blacks, Hispanics and women who have higher obesity risk. Some low-income people living in urban areas consume as much as 50 percent of their daily caloric intake at carry-outs and other eateries outside the home.To encourage consumers to make healthier choices, Bleich recently completed a national survey on calorie posting in chain restaurants. “We’ve shown that the Healthy Stores program works in many different settings.”

He has obtained similar results in studies with Native Americans and Pacific Islanders. “We’ve done it in a sustainable way by showing store owners they can increase their sales of these foods,” he says. In an effort to expand healthy food choices, medical anthropologist Joel Gittelsohn enlisted Korean corner store owners in Baltimore in a five-phase research program focused on increasing consumption of low-sugar, high-fiber cereals and low-fat milk, whole wheat bread, low-fat or fat-free mayonnaise, and water and diet soda, rather than regular soda. “If you have money,” says Caballero, “you have can make healthier choices.” In Baltimore and cities like it, many low-income minority residents shop at corner grocery stores where healthy food choices are limited-one reason why obesity and diet-related chronic diseases affect such populations at a higher rate than the general population. “People living closer to a supermarket have better dietary intake and lower BMI scores than people who live farther away,” says nutrition expert Benjamin Caballero.

#BATTLE OF THE BULGE MASSTRANSIT ZIP#

Though more than one-third of all American adults are obese and 60 percent are overweight, deaths due to cardiovascular disease are 40 percent higher among African-Americans, an association that many researchers believe has more to do with socioeconomic status than with genetics.Īs an example, the fattest ZIP codes in the country are the poorest neighborhoods with the lowest density of supermarkets. Meanwhile, in the U.S., obesity-related health problems tend to be linked to poverty, not wealth. In China, lower levels of physical activity are correlated with heavy pressure for academic excellence and with better access to mass transit and automobiles, which have been cutting into bicycle use among the Chinese. That study showed promising results in lowering students’ body fat measures. He is also working with collaborators in China to adapt a school-based intervention study (which modifies the physical and social environments in schools) that he first tested in schools in low-income Chicago neighborhoods. “Cell phones are very common in China, even for kids,” he says.

Wang is currently developing an Internet- and cell phone-based intervention among middle school students in China to promote healthy eating. “There is not as much opportunity for them to engage in exercise.” “They can afford to have more sedentary lifestyles and better access to higher calorie foods,” says Wang. Unlike the U.S., however, the well-off and better-educated Chinese-not the poor-are bulking up. Improved living standards and migration to big cities are factors in China’s average 1 percent increase per year in the overweight and obesity rates there since 1992.

in absolute numbers, says nutritionist Youfa Wang. In China, changing lifestyles are fueling an obesity epidemic that rivals the U.S. The underlying problem, according to health policy expert Sara Bleich, is that “we live in an environment that makes it very hard to stay thin.” Dispatches from the Battle of the Bulge.